What Is An Appropriate Alcohol Intake For People With High Blood Pressure
There is no singular recommended level of alcohol for people who have high blood pressure aside from reducing your intake as much as possible.
This is because what is safe or healthy can vary depending on personal factors, such as whether you have any underlying conditions. While for some people, a low alcohol intake may be fine, for others, any amount of alcohol may present health risks.
The United States Department of Agriculture and Department of Health and Human Services recommend that most healthy adults stick to the following limits to minimize health risks:
- 2 alcoholic drinks or less per day for adult males
- 1 alcohol drink or less per day for adult females
Contact your doctor for individualized advice about health risks and alcohol.
Mental Health Impacts Of The Pandemic
The COVID pandemic has had a big impact on mental health, and stress is a known contributor to high blood pressure. The World Health Organization reports a 25% increase in the globalprevalence of anxiety and depression in the first year of the pandemic.
Some mental health impacts of the pandemic include an increase in:
- feelings of loneliness and isolation, from staying indoors
- the likelihood of developing post-traumatic stress disorder
- the risk of developing mental illnesses, such as anxiety disorders and depression, due to prolonged distress
- substance misuse disorders
- the numbers of relapsed psychosis, due to disruptions in mental health services
If you feel depressed or anxious about the COVID-19 pandemic, seek help from your doctor or a mental health professional immediately.
This service is available 24-7.
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Why Does Alcohol Raise Blood Pressure
Although alcohol isnt like benzodiazepines and works to ease anxiety and help you sleep, it is a depressant drug that calms your nerves. It may lead you to wonder, why does alcohol raise blood pressure? Alcohol and blood pressure are a serious concern in those with underlying issues. Consuming alcohol increases the amount of calcium that binds to your blood vessels, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of the blood vessels to compounds that constrict them. When blood vessels constrict, it leads to a rise in blood pressure.
Hypertension and alcohol consumption are a serious concerns, and there are multiple ways that alcohol affects blood pressure. Consuming alcohol also affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system , which is controlled by the kidneys. Its primary function is to regulate your blood pressure through these three hormones: angiotensin, renin, and aldosterone. So, why does alcohol raise blood pressure? Alcohol increases the blood levels of renin, leading to blood vessels constricting. This means they shrink in diameter. Renin will also decrease how much fluid our bodies eliminate as waste. So, can drinking alcohol cause high blood pressure? Yes.
Potential Biases In The Review Process
We faced several limitations during the review process. First, there was the possibility of undesired bias and imprecision due to imputations of missing statistics. Most of the included studies did not report the standard error /standard deviation of the mean difference for the outcomes of interest. As described in our protocol, when we were unable to obtain the required SE/SD from study authors or by calculation from the reported P value or 95% CI, we imputed data according to the prespecified imputation hierarchy. We most often used the reported endpoint SE/SD value to impute the SE/SD of MD. This is known to provide a good approximation of the SD of change in BP so is unlikely to lead to bias. Also, only 10 out of 32 studies reported changes in MAP after alcohol consumption along with SE/SD . So, we had to calculate missing MAP values from reported SBP and DBP values using the formula mentioned in the protocol and we imputed the SE/SD for those.
We took several steps to minimise the risk of selection bias to identify eligible studies for inclusion in the review. We used highly sensitive search strategies. We also checked the lists of references in the included studies and articles that cited the included studies in Google Scholar to identify relevant articles. Furthermore, we contacted authors of included studies to obtain all relevant data when information was insufficient or missing.
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The underlying reason for portal high blood pressure in most persistent problem drinkers is a high-level type of liver disease called cirrhosis. This disorder takes hold when scar tissue starts to take the place of the livers healthy cells. It generally shows up after a decade or more of serious alcoholism.
System-wide high blood pressure may also result in a range of serious and lasting health issue in anybody impacted by alcohol addiction. A lot of these issues show up in the cardiac system.
For instance, individuals with persistent hypertension have escalated odds of experiencing a coronary artery obstruction followed by a cardiac arrest. They also have escalated odds of experiencing heart failure. This is a problem that happens when the cardiac organ can no longer pump with sufficient pressure to satisfy the bodys demands for oxygen-bearing blood.
What Is Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is exactly what it sounds like: the pressure of your blood. Blood pressure is given in two numbers . This is because blood flows at two different pressures: A higher pressure occurs when the heart is contracting and forcing blood through the arteries, and a lower pressure occurs when the heart is relaxed. Both of these pressures are important, but the higher pressure tends to be the one that causes the most damage when it is elevated.
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is very harmful because it causes microscopic damage to the lining of arteries. This causes scarring and hardening of the arteries and can eventually lead to blockages. These blockages can block blood flow to the heart , to the brain or to other essential organs. Heart attacks are the most common complication caused by hypertension. Hypertension can be especially deadly because people often dont realize they have it, as it doesnt cause any symptoms until a complication like a heart attack or stroke occurs. Because of this, hypertension has been called the silent killer.
Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is dangerous if blood pressure gets too low however, this usually only occurs due to disease or a large amount of blood loss. Unlike high blood pressure, low blood pressure does cause symptoms, such as dizziness and pale skin. Additionally, low blood pressure is usually not a long-term health problem like high blood pressure.
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Criteria For Considering Studies For This Review
Types of studies
All randomised controlled trials that compared alcohol to placebo or similar tasting nonalcoholic beverages were included in this systematic review.
Types of participants
We included adult participants of both sexes without any restriction on their health condition.
Types of interventions
Types of outcome measures
Primary outcomes
- Change in resting seated systolic and diastolic blood pressures at three different time periods after alcohol intake: early intermediate and late
Secondary outcomes
- Change in resting heart rate at the same time periods as blood pressure outcomes above
Additional outcomes
- Change in resting mean arterial pressure at the same time periods as blood pressure outcomes above
Data Collection And Analysis
Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. We also contacted trial authors for missing or unclear information. Mean difference from placebo with 95% confidence interval was the outcome measure, and a fixedeffect model was used to combine effect sizes across studies.
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Can Alcohol Misuse Affect Your Blood Pressure
Alcohol does affect your blood pressure, but it does so in a way thats different from certain foods that can increase your blood pressure. Instead, it works by affecting your brain and body through your nervous system.
Alcohol works by influencing the central nervous system. Its in a class of drugs called central nervous system depressants, which work to decrease excitability in your brain and body. This is what causes the desired effects of alcohol like anxiety-relief, relaxation, and release of inhibitions. However, your nervous system controls multiple functions in your body, including many unconscious functions. This is what causes some of the side effects of intoxication, like a loss of motor control and slurred speech.
Some functions controlled by your central nervous system are vital for your survival, including your breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Thats why alcohol doesnt just cause plaque buildup like fatty foods it actually affects the control center that decides your blood pressure in the first place.
Help For Cutting Back On Alcohol
If you find that its hard to reduce your alcohol consumption on your own, there are new ways of getting help. Ria Healths online program gives you access to anti-craving medication, weekly coaching meetings, digital tools, and much moreall from an app on your smartphone. Best of all, we support moderation as an option, so you dont need to quit completely if you dont want to.
Get in touch with a member of our team today, or learn more about how it works.
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Does Alcohol Affect Blood Pressure
To begin with, yes, drinking alcohol can affect your blood pressure. Although less widely known than alcohols other effects, hypertension from chronic alcohol use has been investigated since the 1980s.
According to the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association,hypertension means blood pressure consistently above 130/80 mm Hg. Some health professionals may place the threshold a bit higher, at or above 140/90 mm Hg.
The impact of alcohol on blood pressure seems to depend on how much, and how often you drink. For example, alcohol can raise your blood pressure in one night of binge drinkingbut this generally drops back to normal as the alcohol leaves your system. Light to moderate drinking may even lower blood pressure slightly in some individuals.
Regular, heavy drinking, however, is linked to chronic high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. And hypertension can bring about several complications in the long term, including greater risk for heart disease and stroke.
Schedule a private call with a Ria Health team member and we can help you get started.
What Is A Safe Amount Of Alcohol To Drink
There is no amount of alcohol that can be thought of as safe, but the government advises that regularly drinking more than 14 units per week risks damaging your health for both men and women. Keeping to this limit will help to keep your blood pressure down.
Avoid drinking more than six units in six hours, which is classed as binge drinking thats less than three 175ml glasses of wine or three pints of beer in an evening.
What is a unit of alcohol?One unit of alcohol is the equivalent of 10ml or 8g of pure alcohol. But because alcoholic drinks have different strengths and come in different sizes, knowing what counts as a unit is not always easy its often a lot less than you think.
The alcohol content of wine ranges from 11%-14% which means a single 175ml glass can contain between 1.9 and 2.4 units, and a 250ml glass can contain between 2.8 and 3.5 units.
What does 14 units look like?
- 6 175ml glasses of wine
- 6 pints of normal-strength beer or ale
- 5 pints of cider
- 14 single 25ml measures of spirits
Remember if your drinks are stronger than this then it will take fewer drinks to add up to the 14 units.
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Summary Of Main Results
Effects of lowdose alcohol consumption
Lowdose alcohol consumption had no effect on blood pressure within six hours, but we found only two trials that studied this dose and no trials that assessed BP after six hours. Lowdose alcohol increased heart rate within six hours, suggesting that even one glass of wine increases HR. Unfortunately, we found no studies measuring HR more than six hours after the dose.
Effects of mediumdose alcohol consumption
Mediumdose alcohol decreased systolic blood pressure by 5.6 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 4 mmHg within the first six hours of consumption. Although the hypotensive effect of alcohol seemed to last up to 12 hours after drinking alcohol, and the effect was lost after 13 hours, the result was based on only four trials reporting intermediate and late effects of alcohol on BP.
Heart rate was increased by 4.6 bpm six hours after drinking alcohol compared to placebo. Intermediate and late effects of the medium dose of alcohol on HR were based on only four trials and were not statistically different compared to placebo.
Effects of highdose alcohol consumption
Highdose alcohol consumption increased HR by approximately 6 bpm in participants, and the effect lasted up to 12 hours. After that, HR was still raised in participants, but it averaged 2.7 bpm.
Dosedependent response
Possible mechanisms to explain the results
Many interrelated changes are possibly responsible for the biphasic effect of alcohol on blood pressure.
Heart / High Blood Pressure Medications With Alcohol
Medically reviewed by Leigh Ann Anderson, PharmD. Last updated on March 25, 2022.
Many of us combine alcohol with our heart medications. But can you safely drink alcohol with high blood pressure or other heart medications? This is a drug interaction question you might ask your doctor or pharmacist because use of heart medication is so common. Not all heart medicines require that you give up alcohol. But some do. Let’s look more closely.
Cardiovascular medications are widely prescribed to prevent or treat disorders of the cardiovascular system, such as:
They might also be used to treat other non-heart conditions like migraine headache or essential tremor.
In one study, Breslow and colleagues reported that out of roughly 17,000 drinkers, heart medications were the drug class with the highest percentage of possible alcohol interactions, at about 24 percent. Alcohol and blood pressure medication interactions comprised a large percentage of this group.
Alcohol itself may also lower blood pressure itself in some patients due to vasodilation. A high blood pressure medication combined with drinking alcohol might worsen low blood pressure and lead to side effects like dizziness, lightheadedness, drowsiness, fainting, or a dangerous fall.
Learn More: See the Drugs.com Drug Interaction Checker
Some drug classes that can be affected by alcohol include:
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Alcohol And Heart Rate: Other Risks
Alcohol can also make your heart beat faster, regardless of how much alcohol you consume, says Guy L. Mintz, MD, director of cardiovascular health and lipidology at Northwell Healths Sandra Atlas Bass Heart Hospital in Manhasset, New York. Your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart beats per minute. Elevated heart rate may travel with elevated blood pressure, he says.
This increase in heart rate can also lead to holiday heart syndrome, Dr. Mintz says. In the 24 to 48 hours after you drink, you can experience irregular heartbeats. This was first noticed in emergency rooms after New Years Eve, a night known for celebratory and sometimes excessive alcohol consumption.
There are other ways that drinking can affect your heart. It has calories, and calories can cause weight gain and obesity, which will lead to high blood pressure, Dr. Mintz says.
To lower any risks associated with overdoing it, the AHA suggests limiting your alcohol consumption to no more than:
- 2 drinks a day for men.
- 1 drink a day for women.
This is considered moderate alcohol intake. And what you drink matters. Wine and spirits like whiskey or vodka are OK, Dr. Mintz says. Anything but beer is OK, as beer comes with a salt load that can cause high blood pressure and is high in calories.
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